Title | A Structural Switch between Agonist and Antagonist Bound Conformations for a Ligand-Optimized Model of the Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Ligand Binding Domain. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Authors | Perkins, A, Phillips, JLynne, Kerkvliet, NI, Tanguay, RL, Perdew, GH, Kolluri, SK, Bisson, WH |
Journal | Biology (Basel) |
Volume | 3 |
Issue | 4 |
Pagination | 645-69 |
Date Published | 2014 Oct 17 |
ISSN | 2079-7737 |
Abstract | The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates the expression of a diverse group of genes. Exogenous AHR ligands include the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which is a potent agonist, and the synthetic AHR antagonist N-2-(1H-indol-3yl)ethyl)-9-isopropyl-2- (5-methylpyridin-3-yl)-9H-purin-6-amine (GNF351). As no experimentally determined structure of the ligand binding domain exists, homology models have been utilized for virtual ligand screening (VLS) to search for novel ligands. Here, we have developed an "agonist-optimized" homology model of the human AHR ligand binding domain, and this model aided in the discovery of two human AHR agonists by VLS. In addition, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of an agonist TCDD-bound and antagonist GNF351-bound version of this model in order to gain insights into the mechanics of the AHR ligand-binding pocket. These simulations identified residues 307-329 as a flexible segment of the AHR ligand pocket that adopts discrete conformations upon agonist or antagonist binding. This flexible segment of the AHR may act as a structural switch that determines the agonist or antagonist activity of a given AHR ligand. |
DOI | 10.3390/biology3040645 |
Alternate Journal | Biology (Basel) |
PubMed ID | 25329374 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC4280506 |
Grant List | R21 ES019000 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States R01 ES019964 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States R01 ES016651 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States R01 ES004869 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States P42 ES016465 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States P30 ES000210 / ES / NIEHS NIH HHS / United States |